Classical Conditioning is ... Group of answer choices A type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment Systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves an individual closer to the desired response A type of conditioning in which an individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response The application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting

What is the role of institutions in society - do they perform positive functions, or simply work in the interests of the powerful and against the powerless? (a related question here is why do our life chances vary by class, gender and ethnicity)

An externality can be created by a. people working at a production job and enjoying their work b. a production activity but not a consumption activity c. a consumption activity but not a production activity d. a production activity or a consumption activity externalities a. are always positive, and an example is flu vaccinations b. are always negative, and an example is the pollution created by trucks c. can be negative or positive. logging has a negative externality, and education has a positive externality d. can be negative or positive. a negative externality is having to go to school when you would rather go to the beach, and a positive externality is spending time with your friends

What is the difference between the idea of stare decisis and something being constitutional?