Ricardo says that his main problem is his chemistry professor. He says that she makes his life miserable on purpose and if he could only change majors or get a different professor his life would be great. Ricardo could be described as a(n) client

Externalizing

Explanation:

Externalizing: In psychology, the term "externalizing" is described as a concept that was proposed in the field of "family therapy" during the 1980s. Externalizing tends to locate specific problems as a product of history and culture but not within people. Therefore, these problems are comprehending to have been "socially created and constructed" over time.

According to Sigmund Freud, "externalization" is referred to as an unconscious "defense mechanism" through which a person tends to "project" his/her own "internal characteristics" onto the world around, peculiarly onto other individuals.

In the question above, Ricardo could be described as an "externalizing client" as he's stating his chemistry teacher as a source of the problem.

answer; john stuart mill's principle of utility is your answer; /// good luck

if im not mistaken its a. collective emotional arousal