An immediate effect of the voyage of Vasco de Gama was the A.
Beginning of direct trade between Portugal and India.
B.
Growth of strong nations in Europe.
C.
Discovery of rich gold kingdoms in Africa.
D.
European Exploration of America.

A)   beginning of direct trade between Portugal and India.

Explanation:

The relationship between India and Portugal dates back over 500 years, as Vasco da Gama, the first European to find a maritime passage between Europe and India, conducted a sea-faring voyage to Kozhikode (Calicut) in Kerala in May 1498. Portugal gained control of the very valuable Indian spice industry by doing so.

trade regulation is a field of law, often bracketed with antitrust (as in the phrase “antitrust and trade regulation law”), including government regulation of unfair methods of competition and unfair or deceptive business acts or practices. antitrust law is often considered a subset of trade regulation law. franchise and distribution law, consumer protection law, and advertising law are sometimes considered parts of trade regulation law.

in general the theory of economics says that the more open to trade a country is the better   the result for the same country and the whole economies.

in real life countries impose taxes, quotas, etc which is not so good for the economies.

this kind of commercial war between the usa and china is slowing down the growth of the whole world so we can say that it is a draw back of trade regulations. and the free trade agreements are benefits of trade regulations.