A study showed a strong correlation between not smoking and having a high college grade point average. Although some people used this study as evidence that smoking is bad, if you accept that smoking does NOT cause someone to lose brain cells or study less, you would probably conclude that the study:

In that case, you added a spurious correlation to the study.

Explanation:

A spurious correlation occurs when a study presents a relationship between two variables without any theoretical meaning, that is, without causal relationships between the two variables. It is possible to see a case of spurious correlation in the question above. This is because, after the study reported a causal relationship between smoking and having high grades in college, one individual determined that these two variables have no causality, that is, they have no theoretical meaning.

given all the practice it takes to become proficient at writing up ncoer's, , awards, and conselings as well as learning how to become a well rounded   leader , and managing different types of people

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.