which of the following best describes the impact the Prostestant reformation had on european governments

D. Many monarchs separated church from state completely.

Explanation:

The modern Western world is largely shaped by the Reformation: starting with ideas about what a person, society and state are and ending with the still functioning social institutions.

The “theocratic dream” of the Roman popes has forever gone into the past with the development of the Reformation, and the idea of the emperor’s supreme authority as the holy head of the Catholic world has waned. In this regard, Europe resolved such important issues as the boundaries of the power of the emperor and kings, the hierarchy in the political system of Europe. As a result of the Reformation, the church was separated from the state. This idea, paradoxically, developing among the New England Puritans, also presupposed a mutual process - the autonomy of the state from the church and its rules (including moral rules).

probably 3 since archeologists and historians don’t understand there writing.

answer; does not include a reference to the audience;