which was an idea introduced into asia and the americas from europe that began to spread during the 17th and 18th centuries

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.

answer; block grants;

answercentral executive;