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1. A tectonic plate is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.

2. A divergent boundary occurs when two tectonic plates move away from each other. Along these boundaries, earthquakes are common and magma  rises from the Earth's mantle to the surface, solidifying to create new oceanic crust.

3. A convergent boundary is an area on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates collide. Convergent boundaries occur between oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental lithosphere.

4. A transform fault or transform boundary is a fault along a plate boundary where the motion is predominantly horizontal.

they encountered severe weather for which they were poorly prepared.