The first guideline in critical thinking is to be curious and ask questions. once you've raised a general question, the next step is to:

Why do governments supply public goods and services instead of selling them to those people who use them

Aresearcher conducting behavioral research collects individually identifiable sensitive information about illicit drug use and other illegal behaviors by surveying college students. one of the subjects is in an automobile accident two weeks after participating in the research study. is this an example of an unanticipated problem that requires reporting to the irb? yes, this must be reported because it was not listed as a risk of study participation in the consent form (was unexpected) and the subject experienced harm. yes, this must be reported because it involved a subject in a research study and it’s up to the irb to determine if it was related to participation. no, this does not need to be reported because it was assessed by the researcher as unrelated to the research study. no, this does not need to be reported to the irb since the researcher reported it to the sponsor of the study.

Imagine you are driving down the highway and reading a sign that states save the planet don't litter which technique of policy enactment is being used