Under a state law, a dog owner is absolutely liable to any person who is injured by the dog. this is an example of

This is an example of strict liability.
This term refers to the fact that this liability is not in any way connected to intent to harm or actual negligence of a person. So, regardless of the fact whether the dog owner was negligent, or intentionally wanted his dog to harm someone, he will have to pay nevertheless if his or her dog harms someone.

Ithink it would be choices a and b. hope this !