In calculating gdp, the value of intermediate goods is eliminated by using the

In calculating the GDP, the value of intermediate goods can be eliminated in either of two ways: (1) Get the final value of the GDP by measuring the product expenditures of consumers or measuring the final output of producers for the consumers or (2) Follow the value added approach wherein the cost of the intermediate goods is subtracted from its selling value.   

Both the han and the roman empire decline as a result of social unrest during their collapse.