5. read the excerpt from the textbook describing the government of russian leader vladimir putin:
[some argue that the ordered society that centralized leadership brought tsarist ans soviet era means strong presidents will be favored in russian governance. such observers worry that putin is not a dedicated democrat and is bent instead on what has come to be called 'putinism'.]

based on the context and what you know about russia, which of the following definitions best describes putinism?
a) the reforming of the communist party and restoration of communism to russia.
b) the closing of russia's society and economy to foreign influences and trade.
c) the creation of a one-party state based on economic growth and exporting resources
d) the expansion of voting rights to more russians and an increase in the power of local government.

6. which statement about the russian duma in true?
a) it shares equality with the federation council.
b) it chooses the prime minister from its membership.
c) it has the ability to override a presidential veto.
d) it is appointed by the russian president.

5- The correct answer is B. Putinism is characterized by the closing of Russia's society and economy to foreign influences and trade.

6- The correct answer is C. The Russian Duma has the ability to help override a presidential veto.

Explanation:

5- Putin's political system was characterized primarily by the lack of transparency in governance, nepotism and widespread corruption. Between 1999 and the autumn of 2008, the Russian economy grew at a constant rate, that some experts attribute to the strong devaluation of the ruble of 1998, the structural reforms of the Yeltsin era, the price of oil, and cheap credit in Western banks. According to Michael McFaul, "Russia's impressive short-term economic growth" was simultaneously with the "destruction of free media, threats to civil society and absolute corruption of justice".

6- The Russian Duma has the following powers:

-pass federal laws (by majority of deputies) and constitutional laws (a two-thirds majority is required), which must be approved by the Federation Council and signed by the President of Russia.

-nullify the veto of the Council of the Federation to a federal law by a two-thirds majority.

-nullify the veto of the President of Russia to federal laws by a two-thirds majority together with three quarters of the votes of the members of the Federation Council.

-begin the censorship procedure against the President of Russia by a two-thirds majority.