Amajor characteristic of america's two major parties is that they

A. are highly centralized, with strong national organs exercising heavy influence over
 weaker state party organizations.
 b. tend to be single-interest parties that avoid becoming multiinterest coalitions.
 c. are coalitions, gaining support from varied segments of the population.
 d. avoid taking moderate political positions in order to attract voters.
e. are always more powerful at the local level than at the national level.