Marilyn is depressed a great deal of the time and seeks from a therapist. she is diagnosed as having a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance. marilyn is most likely being treated by someone who adheres to the model of psychological disorders.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

the above statement/question is (true);