Read this quote from article i of the constitution. congress shall have power . . [t]o make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers. which type of powers does this quote refer to, and why is this type often the source of debate?

jacksonian era promoted strength of the presidency and executive branch at the expense of congress. it also sought to broaden the public's participation in government. the jacksonian's demanded to have elected judges, instead of appointed judges, and rewrote many state constitutions to reflect the new values. hope this ! if you did find it would you mind giving me brainliest? : )

the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)