Which statement best illustrates an ad hominem argument?
a. if you ask me, jolly flakes is just another sugar cereal.
b. based on letters, one can safely assume that ben franklin was a womanizer.
c. it seems to me that caldwell may be comparing apples and oranges.
d. the author’s flimsy argument is what we would expect from an alcoholic.

Which of the following is a major difference between appellate courts and courts of first instance? a. appellate courts do not use a jury, only judges. courts of first instance hold appellate jurisdiction exclusively. c. courts of first instance do not use judges and appellate courts do. d. appellate courts hear all criminal and civil cases and courts of first instance do not.