The people who suffered first in North Carolina were the sharecroppers and mill village hands. They had little or nothing to fall back on. By 1931, matters got worse, and they had little or no work. . . . Workers without jobs turned to the county governments for help. It was called relief in that day, since the community was to relieve as much suffering as it could. Usually, families on relief had to work for the town or county. Catawba County put its folks on relief to work growing a garden to help feed the unemployed. In some counties, like Anson, as many as half the families were on relief at one time or another. Which Depression-era government program does this passage describe?

a relief program that sponsored artists and writers living in North Carolina
a recovery program that built new forms of infrastructure across the state
a relief program that helped residents who were hungry or out of work
an agency that worked to reform the state’s banking system

why does vagina taste like fish water (asking for a friend)

the language of nature was a manifestation from god as he said "let there be light" and there was light the world began to assume visible, comprehensible form.

what ever we know now think of the old vision of creation we can be sure that with out the speaking of word -without language- we would have no science today with its striking power to illuminate the world.

clearcutting reproduces a new even-aged stand by completely removing the mature stand.

clearcutting as a silvicultural treatment has several characteristics:

it causes a sudden environmental change

it removes the seed source from the regeneration area

the configuration of the clearcut may affect seed dispersal

it begins a new rotation

it will eliminate some pests that require forest cover

overall, it temporarily removes the forest cover, transforming the forest community and environment.

clearcutting followed by artificial (seeded or planted) regeneration has several advantages:

we can avoid delay in restocking the site

we can introduce a selected species, seed source, and genotype

we can control arrangement and spacing

we can achieve uniformity in the new stand

we can overcome the problems associated with securing sufficient natural regeneration.

the shelterwood method involves the removal of most of the mature stand at the end of the rotation, but a portion of the mature stand is left standing.   the shelterwood method serves three basic purposes:

to prepare the stand for production of abundant seed

to modify the environment in a way that promotes germination and survival of the selected species

to build up the amount and size of advance regeneration to ensure the prompt restocking of the new stand following overstory removal.

the shelterwood method involves a sequence of 3 cuttings:

preparatory cuttings: make the seed trees more vigorous and set the stage for regeneration. see our thinning page for more information.

establishment/seed cuttings: open up enough vacant growing space to allow establishment of the new regeneration.

removal cuttings: uncover the new crop to allow it to fill the growing space.

the residual trees in the shelterwood must:

be sturdy and windfirm

be able to survive exposure

flower and reproduce seed

be the best trees of the mature stand

keep in mind that the shelter trees must not occupy the entire site.   a void must be created in order to make room for the new regeneration. the amount of shelter to leave will depend on the following factors:

species characteristics (seeding and shelter requirements)

the number of cuttings in the cutting sequence (1, 2, or 3)

landowner objectives

the size of the area to be regenerated

the final removal harvest level required to be profitable

the shelter must be removed before it impedes the growth of the new stand or threatens its survival.