What were the first two political parties and what did they believe

Democrats and Republicans

Explanation:

The Federalist Party and Democratic-Republican Party. The Federalists wanted a strong, powerful, government with control over fiscal issues. The Democratic-Republicans favored a Constitutional government with very limited power. The Democratic-Republicans were mainly known as Democrats or Republicans, and their members were referred to as Anti-Federalists. The term Democratic-Republicans is mostly for historical reference. They split in 1824, one part became the modern Democratic Party, although had nothing in common with today's Democrats.

in an absolute  monarchy, the  monarchrules as an autocrat, with absolutepower  over the state and government — for example, the right to rule by decree, promulgate laws, and impose punishments. the  monarch isnominally sovereign but the electorate, through their legislature, exercise political sovereignty.

this is a pretty broad question and can be a pretty lengthy answer. since 1900, women have gained a lot more rights and have become active in the workforce. with women being in the workforce, men play a larger role in family life. many family tasks are shared between men and women, whereas, women used to be the sole family caretakers.

that should get you started at least.