For below case, choose the type of research that is being conducted. Marvin is a part-time college professor and part-time clinician who works with the geriatric population. He wants to know if his newly developed memory techniques work to enhance memory within the elderly population. Before he begins utilizing his techniques, he wants to show what he baseline (or starting) memory level of each person is. He administers a memory measure to all 500 people (whom he will then teach his memory enhancement techniques) in order to establish their baseline memory.

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many citizens are in danger of contracting a food-borne illness.

more people are living with chronic illnesses.

pathogens are becoming stronger and harder to defeat.

edge nuity

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.