When using the Protection Motivation Theory construct of threat appraisal, behavior change can result when the focus of change is not on the threat, per se, but on:

self efficacy

Explanation:

The protection motivation theory states that people aims to protect themselves from four factors mainly. They are :

--  the seriousness of a threat

-- the probability of the occurrence of the threat

-- the efficacy of prevented behavior

-- perceived self efficacy

This theory was originally conceptualized to to clarify the fear appeals by Rogers in the year 1975. The protection motivation theory stems out from threat appraisal and the coping appraisal. The copying appraisal includes efficacy and self efficacy. When using this theory, the behavior change results when the ficus of change is on self efficacy than the threat itself.

"choosing is refusing" means individuals face an opportunity cost with each decision they make. economists state that every decision involves trade-offs. opportunity cost is the least desirable alternative given up as a result of a decision.

if you have to make a general question and respond to your thoughts, then this isn't really a question someone can you on. read the passage, form your question, and answer using your thoughts. no one else can understand how you interpreted this text if you don't tell us.