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Political Geography of South and Southeast Asia

Myanmar, often referred to as Burma, is located in Southeast Asia. It is a little smaller than the state of Texas. Like many other nations in the region, it has had a history of conquest, and became part of Great Britain’s Indian Empire in 1885. Burma became a separate colony in 1937. It won independence from the British Commonwealth in 1948. After that, a military ruler was in power for much of the time.

A Divided Country

The nation was divided by religion and history. Most of the people in Myanmar were Buddhist, but a minority were Muslim. They lived mostly on the western edge of the country, in a section known as the Rakhine State. It is one of seven states within the nation. They were known as Rohingya.

During World War II, the Buddhist population fought for the Japanese, who occupied the island. The Rohingya sided with the Allies. They hoped to gain independence after the war, but that did not happen.

The government then began doing things to harm the Muslims. In 1982, they took away civil rights for the Rohingya. They could not go to school or have health care. Thousands began leaving the country.

The journey from Myanmar to Bangladesh and to other countries

Under Military Rule

In 1988, the military took complete power. The following year they changed the name of the country from Burma to Myanmar. Both names are related to the largest ethnic group in the country, the Bamar.

They also placed a woman named Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest. She was the daughter of a general who had led the fight for independence. The military leaders feared her because the people loved her. Known as “The Lady,” she had led a revolt against the dictator. She was not able to leave her home or travel. This was true for most of the years between 1989 and 2010. After free elections in 2012, she became a member of the legislature. She is now called State Counselor and is close to the president of the country.

Fleeing to Safety

Things grew worse for the Rohingya in 2017 when a Rohingya militant group attacked government army bases in the northern Rakhine State. The military responded by burning Rohingya villages and hurting people. They claimed to be fighting terrorism. They said the Rohingya were not citizens. More than half of the Rohingya Muslims left the country.

Many of those fleeing went to a neighboring country to the west, Bangladesh. To do so, they climbed mountains and crossed a river. Some people swam across. Some were able to go in boats. Bangladesh has welcomed the refugees.

Thousands and thousands of the Rohingya are living in tent cities. They do not have good health care, clean water, or enough food. Many aid groups are trying to help them, but it is hard when so many need so much.

Myanmar has a long history of conquest and revolution. Many believed that with free elections, the nation was moving toward democracy, but that now does not seem to be the case.

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What divides the Rohingya from the rest of the population of Myanmar? (Site 1)