Imagine we could cut the Earth exctly in half along the theoretical line we call the The flat cut surface is what we call the Equatorial Plane. The middle of that plane in the Earth's core and its angle is
degrees because it is the absolute
of the planet. To pinpoint a location on the Earth's surface, we imagine drawing a
between zero and the point being described. The line creates an
of elevation above the Equator or below it. These are what we call angles of latitude.

Because the Equator is a circle of 360
angles of latitude are measured in degrees of an arc, minutes of an arc and seconds of an arc. These minutes and seconds are not the same as ordinary
measurements. They relate to the time it takes for the Earth to
rotate
The maximum latitude angle possible is 90 degrees north or south from the imaginary zero point of the Earth's core. There are two such locations the
north
Pole and the South Pole.

Acriterion for waiving informed consent is that, when appropriate, subjects are provided additional pertinent information after the study. in which of the following studies would it not be appropriate to provide subjects with information about missing elements of consent: a study in which researchers told students that they would be given a quiz after reading some study materials when the researchers did not intend to use a quiz, but were attempting to focus subjects’ attention on the material. a study in which subjects were told that they performed in the third quartile on an anagram task when in reality students were randomly assigned scores that were not related to their actual performance. a study in which subjects were assigned to study activities based on an undesirable or unflattering physical characteristic as assessed by members of the research team. a study involving decision-making games in which subjects were led to believe that they were interacting with another student in another room, but were actually interacting with a computer programmed to provide consistent responses to all subjects.