Which is the correct representation of the sequence of the four terms of a contingency of reinforcement?

Chris would like to conduct a study on the effectiveness of a new substance-abuse treatment program. he has a sample of participants go through the program and he uses as a comparison group people who did not volunteer for the program but were eligible. chris has used a(n) design for his study.

When something is moving, it is in motion. pressing the gas pedal in a car will put the car in motion. two important properties of motion are speed and direction. speed is how fast an object is moving. tony and tanya both run for the same amount of time, in the same direction. tanya runs much further than tony in that time. how does tony's speed compare to tanya's speed? a) their speed is equal. b) tony is slower than tanya. c) tony is faster than tanya. d) without a stopwatch, you can't say for certain.

Chris, a master at office gossip and innuendo, says, "we know we have a corporate spy someplace in the organization, probably on the management team itself. there is no evidence that it is audrey. in fact, she's too clean, if you know what i mean. somebody should fire audrey; she's got to be the spy." by making this argument chris is actually engaging in (a) an appeal to emotion fallacy (b) a straw man fallacy (c) an appeal to ignorance fallacy (d) circular reasoning (e) an appeal to the mob fallacy