Jessica has been treating Paul like a king. Jessica pays for all of their dates and does lots of special things for Paul. Paul has not been reciprocating this treatment. According to social exchange theory, Paul is likely to feel , and according to equity theory, Paul is likely to feel .

John recently received his semester grades and found that he had failed two courses. he says the reason he failed the two courses is that they were taught by female professors. john believes that women are really not smart enough to teach at the college level. in this example, the female professors are a) spacegoats and being blamed for john's grades b) being discriminatory toward john c) probably not smart enough to teach in a college d) prejudiced against john because he is male