A) (x + y +z) x (x - y) + (x - y - x) * (y – z)

Apsychologist has developed a series of personality inventories and wants to determine if they are valid. one of the scales measures perfectionism, so he asks a colleague for advice on how to establish the validity of this scale. the colleague tells him that if he were to find a sample of people with personality disorder, these people would obtain high scores on a scale that measures perfectionism.

Chris, a master at office gossip and innuendo, says, "we know we have a corporate spy someplace in the organization, probably on the management team itself. there is no evidence that it is audrey. in fact, she's too clean, if you know what i mean. somebody should fire audrey; she's got to be the spy." by making this argument chris is actually engaging in (a) an appeal to emotion fallacy (b) a straw man fallacy (c) an appeal to ignorance fallacy (d) circular reasoning (e) an appeal to the mob fallacy

The judicial system of courts derives its powers from what article of the constitution