How did improved ship designs and new tools make it safer to explore by sea

Ships got rudders and moveable sails. With these they were able to move better and catch winds rather than just sitting waiting for wind. Tools for navigation improved as well. The astrolabe was invented to allow the use of longitude and latitude settings. Ships were also bigger.

world war i had a devastating effect on german-americans and their cultural heritage. up until that point   german-americans, as a group, had been spared much of the discrimination, abuse, rejection, collective mistrust experienced by so many different racial and ethnic groups in the history of the united states. indeed, over the years, they had been viewed as a well integrated and esteemed part of american society. all of this change with the outbreak of war.  

answer; the automatic system because it is a "gut reactor"