For each of the following arguments, indicate whether it is valid or invalid, strong or weak. 1. Alice says that nothing is sac okay.
2. Social welfare is by definition a handout to people who have not worked for it. But giving people money that they have not earned through labor is not helping anyone.
3. It follows then that social welfare does not help anyone FCNN reports that war has started in Iraq, then war has started in Iran VN has reported exactly that. War must have started.
4. If r = 12, thens = 8; r = 12; therefore, s = 8.
5. Any sitcom that tries to imitate The Big Bang Theory is probably a piece of trash. All of this season's sitcoms try to ape Big Bang. They've gotta be trash.
6. "Poetry is finer and more philosophical than history; for poetry expresses the universal and history only the particular." (Aristotle, Poetics)
7. Either you're lying or you're not telling the whole story. You're obviously not lying, so you're just relating part of the story.
* 8. Either your thinking is logical or it is emotional. It's obviously not logical It's emotional
9. My friends say that asteroids are not real. I've never found a single aster- oid or a piece of one. People claim to have found some, but I don't believe them. There are no such things as asteroids.
10. A Gallup poll says that 80 percent of Americans believe in the existence! of heaven, but only 40 percent say they believe in hell. People are just too willing to engage in wishful thinking.
11. Many young black men have been shot dead by white police officers. Black people have often been harassed by white policemen. From these facts we can conclude that the recent tragic shooting in Chicago of a black teen by a white police officer was a case of first-degree murder.
12. "We say that a person behaves in a given way because he possesses a philosophy, but we infer the philosophy from the behavior and therefore cannot use it in any satisfactory way as an explanation, at least until it is in turn explained." [B. F. Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity]
13. You flunked the last three tests. You didn't show up for the last eight classes. And you haven't written any of the essays. Looks like you don't know the material.
14. Bachelors are unmarried. George is a bachelor. He has never taken a wife.
15. Bachelors are unmarried, and George acts like he's not married. He's a bachelor for sure.
16. If Alicia is alone on a trip, she will be afraid. She's alone on the latest trip. She is afraid.