In an experiment studying classical conditioning, a tone sounds and 5 seconds later a mild skin shock is delivered to a participant. The skin shock results in a stress response consisting of a temporary increase in heart rate. This process is repeated once every 5 minutes. After a number of trials, the participant demonstrates an elevated heart rate when the tone sounds and before the shock is actually delivered. Within the context of this example, what is the CS?

3. define historiography. has historiography changed over time or stayed the same? why is this distinction important? use complete sentences for your response. (4 points)

An externality can be created by a. people working at a production job and enjoying their work b. a production activity but not a consumption activity c. a consumption activity but not a production activity d. a production activity or a consumption activity externalities a. are always positive, and an example is flu vaccinations b. are always negative, and an example is the pollution created by trucks c. can be negative or positive. logging has a negative externality, and education has a positive externality d. can be negative or positive. a negative externality is having to go to school when you would rather go to the beach, and a positive externality is spending time with your friends

According to this chart, which country is likely to have the most economic freedom with regards to entrepreneurship?