Scholars have attempted to refute E. Franklin Frazier's deculturalization hypothesis—the argument that slavery deprived African Americans of their African heritage and thus that African American culture evolved:

the correct answer is the following is a list of inventions made in the medieval islamic world, especially during the "islamic golden age" (8th to 13th centuries),[1][2] as well as the late medieval period, especially in the emirate of granada and the ottoman empire.

science and technology in the islamic world adopted and preserved knowledge and technologies from contemporary and earlier civilizations, including persia, india, china, and greece-roman antiquity, while making a number of improvements and innovations.

fertile good for trade etc

answer; reliable;