During the first treatment condition of a within-subjects experiment, the participants learn a new skill that helps improve their performance in later treatment conditions. For this study, the internal validity is threatened by .

Order effects.

Explanation:

Firstly, internal validity will be explained to be the approximate about certain inferences regarding cause relationship and also cause-effects.

In the other hand, order effect which mainly known to be testing effects is seen to only occur in experimental research and also in quasi-experimental research designs that have more than one stage. Furthermore, research designs of this form is seen to involve a pre-test and also a post-test. Circumstances of this kind pulls the fact that the person taking part in the research is tested more than once can influence their scores in the post-test, therefore confounding the results.

male citizens in athens could vote on all the decisions that affected the city and serve on juries. however, democracy was not open to everyone. citizen women and children were not allowed to vote. slaves and foreigners living in athens (known as metics) were banned from participating in government.

answer; psychological influences;