Refer to Explorations in Literature for a complete version of this narrative. Why does the author begin "Oasis: Africa" with a description of the landscape and the hardships the narrator encounters?

to create suspense as the marauders face perilous elements

to introduce conflict between the Effendi and Mohammed

to establish how the setting creates obstacles for the characters

to add a dramatic effect each time the narrator overcomes a difficulty

“dear sir: it is with great reluctance, i trouble you on a subject, which does not fall within your province; but it is a subject that occasions me more distress, than i have felt, since the commencement of the war; and which loudly demands the most zealous exertions of every person of weight and authority, who is interested in the success of our affairs. i mean the present dreadful situation of the army for want of provisions, and the miserable prospects before us, with respect to futurity. it is more alarming than you will probably conceive, for, to form a just idea, it were necessary to be on the spot. for some days past, there has been little less, than a famine in camp. a part of the army has been a week, without any kind of flesh, and the rest for three or four days. naked and starving as they are, we cannot enough admire the incomparable patience and fidelity of the soldiery, that they have not been ere this excited by their sufferings, to a general mutiny or dispersion. strong symptoms, however, discontent have appeared in particular instances; and nothing but the most acitive efforts every where can long avert so shocking a catastrophe.” what’s the central idea?

On which area of the map would you most likely find people belonging to the kurdish ethnic group? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 sroy no pic i could't do it

On a production possibility curve, data points that fall outside of the curve represent what