The police chief mentions that unionized emergency personnel had already been deployed, so pulling them back would not be worth it. What type of decision-making bias does this represent

Commitment Bias

Explanation:

Commitment Bias, often referred to as committment error, is a form of decision making bias, that leads to increased commitment to an initial decision made, in spite of negative information.

This type of bias always occur, when decision makers want to prove their initial decision was right, there by leading to a bad decision to go on far too long, thinking the outcome of such decision will be positive.

Hence, in this case, when the police chief mentions that unionized emergency personnel had already been deployed, so pulling them back would not be worth it. He is making COMMITMENT BIAS, because, he is hoping or want to prove that, his initial decision was right.

according to classical republican political theory, which democratic republics would function best?

a.   small republics, with people who had similar interests

b.   large republics, with people who had competing interests

c.   republics made up entirely of landowners

d.   republics made up entirely of servants