What is the name of Nelson Mandela's parents

Atreatment for stuttering in which the person is asked to speak in a singsong fashion, usually with the aid of a metronome is

Today, the a. caesar b. bishop c. pope d. tsar still heads the roman catholic church, which is centered on rome. there is no longer a byzantine emperor, but each country has its own a. governor b. patriarch c. prefect d. council to lead the eastern orthodox church there.

Are people more motivated to change from positive or negative experiences, like slavery, womens rights, and any other historical movements/moments? i need more factual information than opinions.