Jane just finished a Pepsi and is wondering what to do with the can. She takes a moment and thinks about the actions available to her, and decides that she can either recycle the can or throw it on the ground. Next, she thinks about what would happen if she threw her can on the ground instead of recycle. Finally, she decides that she ought not to recycle the can because 1) this would have the best overall consequences in terms of pleasure and pain if she didn't recycle this one can (one this one occasion) in this particular situation and 2) the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by these consequences. In making her decision Jane is thinking like a

On the doctoral journey, you will need to adjust your thinking and perspective. it is inevitable that your world view will be challenged. how you respond to those instances of challenging remains in your control. this may sound daunting and even seem to be unacceptable, but it is the inexorable result of engaging in "deep thinking" while becoming an academic. remember, you are not just becoming a researcher, but you are also becoming a learned person (an academic) who will be charged with the responsibility of acting as a gatekeeper of knowledge and knowledge development. what distinguishes an infant academic from a mature academic? explain. how does the above biblical challenge to move toward mature thinking parallel the increased responsibility for knowledge and knowledge development that comes with the earning of a doctoral degree? explain.