Researchers have found that telling a lie causes children to act more aggressively. Permission slips were sent home with fourth-graders from several Minneapolis schools asking parents whether their children could participate in a study about lying. Although all parents agreed to let their children participate, only about half the parents would allow their children to lie for the study. Therefore, those children were all asked to tell a lie right before they went out to recess. The other half (whose parents did not want their children to lie) served as the control group, and those children were asked to tell something truthful right before recess. Observers then coded the children's interactions at recess and rated how aggressive they were. The observers did not know which children were in the lying group until after they made their ratings. Results showed that the kids who lied were significantly more aggressive at recess than the control group of kids. The researchers concluded that lying increases aggression. 1.Which of the following best captures the most significant flaw in this research as it is written?

a. The research is correlation but making a causal claim.
b. Because the IV was not randomly assigned, there are potential alternative explanations for the results.
c. There is too much of an issue with possible experimenter bias and/or demand characteristics.
d. There is no issue with this research study.

2.What type of design is this? either correlational, case study, Naturalistic Observation, or experimental, pick one