Ways by which scientific management play a role in the management

a. The figurehead role is the role that managers play when they motivate and encourage workers to accomplish organizational objectives, whereas the liaison role is the role that managers play when they share information with others in their departments or companies.

b. The figurehead role is the role that managers play when they scan their environment for information, whereas the liaison role is the role that managers play when they share information with people outside their departments or companies.

c. The figurehead role is the role that managers play when they decide who gets what resources and in what amounts, whereas the liaison role is the role that managers play when they negotiate schedules, projects, goals, outcomes, resources, and employee raises.

d. The figurehead role is the role that managers play when they perform ceremonial duties, whereas the liaison role is the role that managers play when they deal with people outside their units.

a. The figurehead role is the role that managers play when they motivate and encourage workers to accomplish organizational objectives, whereas the liaison role is the role that managers play when they share information with others in their departments or companies.

b. The figurehead role is the role that managers play when they scan their environment for information, whereas the liaison role is the role that managers play when they share information with people outside their departments or companies.

c. The figurehead role is the role that managers play when they decide who gets what resources and in what amounts, whereas the liaison role is the role that managers play when they negotiate schedules, projects, goals, outcomes, resources, and employee raises.

d. The figurehead role is the role that managers play when they perform ceremonial duties, whereas the liaison role is the role that managers play when they deal with people outside their units.

- "ethical issues. deception – the participants actually believed they were shocking a real person and were unaware the learner was a confederate of milgram's. however, milgram argued that “illusion is used when necessary in order to set the stage for the revelation of certain difficult-to-get-at-truths.” "

- "milgram's work was conducted in the early 1960s before the current.the studies ignited a debate about the ethical treatment of participants. what appear to be dangerous, if not deadly, electric shocks and the by today's ethical standards, many questions about the research have gone unanswered."

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.