Forty adult males volunteered to participate in an experiment. Half of them are randomly assigned to take a caffeine supplement before working out, and the other half are assigned to take a placebo before completing the same workout. During the workout, heart rate monitors will be used to measure each participant’s heart rate. The study found that those who took a caffeine supplement had significantly higher average pulse rates during the workout. What conclusion can be drawn from the study?

Pulse rates are directly related to caffeine intake.

Explanation:

Pulse rates are directly related to caffeine intake.

'Two variables are directly related' imply that : One variable increase, other variable increase & one variable decrease, other variable decrease

'Two variables are inversely related' imply that : One variable increase, other variable decrease & one variable decrease, other variable increase.

As, the experiment observed that, group having caffeine intake had significantly higher pulse rates. So, caffeine intake & pulse rate are directly related.

E    Caffeine supplements will, on average, raise the heart rates of adult males similar to those in this study during a workout similar to the one performed in the experiment.

Explanation:

there are no options provided but you can choose among the following gender-neutral pronouns: zir, hir, eir, vis, tem, eir.

in the normal course of maintaining a pronoun-antecedent agreement, we could have used the words his or her but since we are also required to use gender-neutral language, we need to replace it with its equivalent gender-neutral pronoun.