Katy has not done well on her spelling tests in the past. In fact, spelling is the only subject that Katy has ever failed. When Katy's third-grade teacher announces that the class will be having a spelling test after lunch, Katy becomes very anxious and begins to feel sick. What is this situation best illustrating?

Pj conducts an experimental study on the effects of soft music during high stakes science testing. he randomly assigns students at the school. in one condition he does not provide music for testing while in the other group he does provide the music. he administers a pretest at the beginning of the year and a posttest at the end of the year. pj’s design is best described as a: a. static group comparisonb. pretest-posttest control group designc. control-group-time-series designd. nonrandomized control-group pretest-posttest design