Providing a quality education is one of the fundamental responsibilities of any nation. Thousands of American students are stuck in poor-performing schools that barely provide minimal skills. Therefore, the United States is failing to fulfill one of its fundamental obligations as a nation.
a. reasoning from cause
b. reasoning from obligation
c. reasoning from specific instances
d. reasoning from emotion
e. reasoning from principle

Providing quality education is one of the most basic responsibilities of any nation. Thousand of Americans are stick in the poor-performing schools and have barely any material provided.

Hence the option B is correct.

Learn more about education is one of the fundamental responsibilities.

link.

e. reasoning from principle

Explanation:

Reasoning from principle is a form of reasoning that moves froma general principle to a specific conclusion. Unlike reasoning from specific instances, which makes one to drift from particular facts to a general conclusion, reasoning from principle on the other hand, has one moving from a general principle to a specific conclusion

Hence, in the case, this sentence is reasoning from general principle which is "providing a quality education is one of the fundamental responsibilities of any nation" to specific conclusion, which is "United States is failing to fulfill one of its fundamental obligations as a nation."

if im not mistaken its a. collective emotional arousal

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.