Jack, a 3-year-old boy, has been throwing many tantrums lately and has been ignoring his parents’ directions. Jack’s parents are growing increasingly frustrated by his oppositional behavior. They decide to consult a developmental expert to ask for advice in dealing with their child. What would a developmental expert suggest to the parents concerning following factors in understanding Jack’s behavior?1. Egocentricism2. Pre-conventional morality3. Erikson’s stage of Initiative vs. Guilt4. Observational learning

Pre-conventional morality

Explanation:

The pre-conventional morality stage based on obedience and punishment orientation. At this stage, the sense of morality of a child has been extremely controlled by parents.

Children accept the order or law by parents. They follow an authority figure such as the teacher and the parents. A child who is at this stage has not yet adopted or to internalized the society convention related to what is wrong and what is right for him/her.

Children always focus on the outer action taken by parents in the form of physical punishment.

Jack who is 3 years old is at the pre-conventional stage of morality.

answer; when one group has an extremely high score at pretest;