Before a history exam, Perry is hoping that it is a multiple-choice test and not an essay test. The reason why he perceives the essay test as "more difficult" is probably because an essay relies on the ability to without any retrieval cues while the multiple-choice questions measure .

use recall; recognition    

Explanation:

Recall: In psychology, the term "recall" is described as an individual's acts of retrieving events or information from his or her past in the absence of any particular cue to help in "retrieving" those events or information.

Recognition: In psychology, the term "recognition" is described as a form of remembering that is distinguished by having a feeling of similarity when an individual encounters something formerly experienced again.

In the question above, the given statement represents recall and recognition.

answer; i do believe its (b) 12.5 years of age;