Will and Grace have just started to attend church. Will pays attention to when the rest of the congregation sits and stands because he wants to be sure to stand and sit at the appropriate times. Grace stands up and sits down when the rest of the congregation does because if she doesn’t, the elderly couple across the aisle scowls at her. Will has conformed because of , whereas Grace has conformed because of .

Informational influence; Normative influence

Explanation:

Will pays attention to when the rest of the congregation sits and stands because he wants to be sure to stand and sit at the appropriate times. This shows Will has conformed because of INFORMATIONAL INFLUENCE.

Informational influence refers to new knowledge or arguments provided in a group discussion that alter the views, opinions, or actions of a group member, here WILL with the new knowledge he learned by observing the congregation helps him know his next options/actions.

Grace stands up and sits down when the rest of the congregation does because if she doesn't, the elderly couple across the aisle scowls at her.

Grace has conformed because of NORMATIVE INFLUENCE .

Normative influence refers to the idea that often times people change their actions, thoughts or beliefs that others like and embrace. GRACE stands up and sit down when the rest of the congregation does, because she knows if she doesn't the old women would scowl at her, this shows she is trying to impress and make the people like her.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.