Professor Brown is interested to see if the graduating seniors in her sociology class have higher or lower college GPAs compared to their respective high school GPAs (N = 12).

Dr. Brown chose an alpha of .05. Given her research hypothesis, what is the critical value (absolute value) for her test?

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a series circuit is one with all the loads in a row. there is only one path for the electricity to flow. if this circuit was a string of light bulbs, and one blew out, the remaining bulbs would turn off.

unlike in series circuits, a charge in a parallel circuit encounters a single voltage drop during its path through the external circuit. the current through a given branch can be predicted using the ohm's law equation and the voltage drop across the resistor and the resistance of the resistor.

a parallel circuit has certain characteristics and basic rules: a parallel circuit has two or more paths for current to flow through. voltage is the same across each component of the parallel circuit.

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clean air is essential for health and survival

clean air provides nitrogen gas for plant respiration

clean air supplies oxygen that enables living organisms to breathe

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