The notion that the mere threat of any kind of lawsuit decreases the aggressiveness of the news media and their willingness to pursue and publish/broadcast hard-hitting stories is most commonly referred to asa. actual maliceb. chilling effectc. common law maliced. rhetorical hyperbole

What is the role of institutions in society - do they perform positive functions, or simply work in the interests of the powerful and against the powerless? (a related question here is why do our life chances vary by class, gender and ethnicity)

Erika is a human resource manager at bluetel inc., a software company. she receives a call from an hr manager at another software company asking about marshall, a software engineer who used to work at bluetel and has applied for a job at the caller's company. erika checks the company's records and sees that a coworker had accused marshall of racial discrimination, but an investigation did not turn up any evidence to support the charge. marshall left the company two months later, saying he was no longer comfortable there. erika is concerned about sharing the details of this situation with the caller. if telling the information to the caller leads to the other company not hiring marshall, what potentially unlawful behavior could marshall accuse bluetel of engaging in?

Which example define natural rights ?