"Why Isn't Johnny in Preschool?" was a project conducted by Chicago's Community Organizing and Family Issues group that was aimed at determining why families in lower-income, racially diverse neighborhoods in Chicago were less likely than other families to enroll their children in early educational programs. The findings were used to design outreach and public awareness campaigns. This type of research project is called

A. neighborhood research.
B. ethnographic research.
C. action research.
D. public service research.