A researcher is trying to determine if populations of a butterfly seen on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado are actually separate species. The researcher and her graduate students spent a summer capturing the butterflies at several locations, carefully documenting traits such as color, wing span, antennae length, proboscis length, etc. Which species concept could be applied using these data?

Phenetic species concept

Explanation:

The phenetic species concept can be thought of as an c of the way species are recognized in practice. Informally, the phenetic species concept defines a species as a set of organisms that look similar to each other and distinct from other sets. More formally, it would specify some exact degree of phenetic similarity, and similarity would be measured by a phenetic distance statistic.   The phenetic concept measures as many characters as possible in as many organisms as possible, and then recognizes phenetic clusters by multivariate statistics. These clusters approximate to a level of similarity sufficient to be called a species.   Phenotypic similarity is all that matters in recognizing separate species. As evident from the passage, the the researcher and students documented different traits of butherfly which clearly Phenetic species concept.

answer; i believe that the correct answer is (d); // supercontinent

marginal cost is a microeconomic measure that us to evaluate the extent to which the level of production of a good is sustainable in accounting, that is, to how many quantities the company plans to profit from the production of the good.

the concept of marginal cost is simple, it means the cost of producing one more item. for example, in the case of pies, the marginal cost is the cost of producing one more pie than those that have already been produced.

it is important to understand that productive activity influences marginal cost. the marginal cost of some goods can be very high, while others may be insignificant. for example, the marginal cost of producing an extra plane is very high. already the marginal cost of a water company to provide 1l more water is derisory.

in the case of pies, the cost involves the inputs, the labor and the fixed cost, which involves the fixed space of the bakery. the level of production initially has the marginal cost decreasing because there is space and manpower available. however, to produce more you have to hire more workers and buy more inputs. if physical space is limited, workers will conflict with places, inputs and their productivity will decrease, meaning there is an optimum point of production for each level of space and manpower. from this point on, the productivity of the workers will be getting smaller because of lack of space, so that the marginal cost of producing one more pie will be increasing. so, although you have not posted the chart, but if you have the answer, you can see that my explanation goes according to the marginal cost curve that will increase from the 4th pie, answer (c).