As you think about your experience at the last airport security screening, you wonder which of the tasks that you saw the officers do at the security check were waste, which were non-value-added work, and which were value-added work. The tasks that you observed included officers doing the following: (a) officers checking IDs (b) officers telling passengers to take off their shoes (c) officers moving bins back to the beginning of the X-ray machines (d) officers looking at the screen of the X-ray machine (e) officers putting bags in the X-ray machine for a second time in case they previously contained fluids (f) officers waiting for a passenger to arrive.

non-value added work: this are Job activities that do not add value to products and services but are necessary for the job. e.g An outdated method of doing a job.

Value added work: this are job activities, product or services a customer is willing to pay for. E.g a job done right at the first instance.

Explanation: 1. Non-value added work.

(f) officers waiting for a passenger to arrive.

(c) officers moving bins back to the beginning of the X-ray machines.

(e) officers putting bags in the X-ray machine for a second time in case they previously contained fluids.

Officer having to move bins back to the beginning of the the x-ray machine is obsolete and outdated because escalators can now do that, but it is necessary they do it. Having to put the bags back in the x-ray doesn't add value but is necessary for the job. Which is same as officers waiting for passengers arrival

2. Value added work.

(a) officers checking IDs.

(b) officers telling passengers to take off their shoes.

(d) officers looking at the screen of the X-ray machine.

What makes this jobs similar is that the activities are performed once, which adds value to work.