Tim believes he did poorly on an exam because he was too busy with other responsibilities to study. However, he believes the other low scorers in the class did poorly because they are stupid. Tim's reasoning demonstrates the

Actor-observer effect

Explanation:

The actor-observer effect , in attribution theory, refers to the tendency of someone to attribute the cause of their own actions or behavior to external factors, while they attribute the same behavior or actions by another person to be as a result of internal factors. In order words, a person tends to judge their behavior as being as a result of factors or situations beyond their control while they judge others they observe with the same behavior as being caused by their personality or choices.

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