Theories of human development have been most susceptible to criticism for overemphasizing

This question is missing the options. I've found the complete question online. It is as follows:

Theories of human development have been most susceptible to criticism for overemphasizing:

a) cognitive changes during adulthood development.

b) the interaction of nature and nurture.

c) discrete age-linked stages.

d) maturation during adolescent development.

The correct answer is c) discrete age-linked stages.

Explanation:

Theories of human development have been criticized for their age-linked stages that, according to some of their critics, do not really offer much explanation. Those theories usually describe what a child is likely to do at a certain age, but do not actually explain why that happens. In reality, they are sometimes incapable of accurately controlling or predicting behaviors and mental capacities - again, according to the critics.

explanation:

allergens: overstimulate the nerve system

neurotics: attack nerve cells

mutagens: damage or otherwise alter dna sequence

generators: cause defects during growth and development  

carcinogens: cause unchecked cell growth

i hope you get the idea according to me these are the effects that happened.