Researchers conducted a study to examine the effect of music on exam scores. They predicted that scores would be higher when students listened to soft music compared to no music during the exam. One hundred (50 male, 50 female) students were randomly assigned to either the soft music or no music conditions. Students in the music condition listened to music using headphones during the exam. Students in the no music condition completed the exam as they normally would. As predicted exam scores were significantly higher in the soft music condition compared to the no music condition. The independent variable is: The dependent variable is: Is there anything in the study description that could be a confound? What is it? Does this study have low or high internal validity?Explain.

dependent: exam score, independent: presence of music,

confounding can be the fact that students in no music condition completed exam as they normally would

high validity

Explanation:

Dependent variable is the variable whose value depends on independent varaible. As independent variable is changed, the value of dependent variable changes

Students in no music condition completed exam as they normally would can be confounding as no description is given about how they would noramlly complete an exam. Any other factor and not no music condition, in normal exam condition could have affected their scores.

The experiment has high validity as the exam scores of student exposed to music was significantly higher than those not exposed to the music. The results also proved the hypothesis.

the correct answer is modern american cars are not available due to trade restrictions.

trade between cuba and the united states have serious restrictions. the u.s. imposed an economic embargo on cuba, that among other things means that modern american cars are not available due to trade restrictions.

in response to some governmental actions of the authorities from cuba, president john f. kennedy proclaimed an embargo on trade between both countries in february 1962. the trade embargo remains active until this day and was implemented directly by the departments of commerce and the department of treasury.

in president trump’s administration, there is a national security presidential memorandum that "strengthens the policy of the u. s.", affecting trade with cuba.

the anti federalists was a movement that was opposed to the creation of a us federal government. although they were not as organized as the federalists, they also had a large group of leaders, especially in state politics.

the statement "now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people” represents the concerns of the anti federalists.

they strongly believed that the federalists were representing the interests of aristocratic elements of society at the expense of the majority of ordinary people, who lived in a rural society.

their fear for the creation of a strong federal government and the president’s power of veto in their opinion would create a tyrannical rule that would dominate the people. they defended the importance of restraining the government’s power towards people at any cost.