Michael is 13 years old and has both a good relationship with his parents and with a close group of friends who know him well. Some of these friends have engaged in various delinquent activities. One friend, John, is rather aggressive and is liked by some in the group and not others. Michael also has a wider circle of friends from his participation in Boy Scouts and hockey. This is this illustrative of:

Co-offending.

Explanation:

Co-offending, also known as "group crime", occurs when in a group of people, such as a gang, one of the members commit a crime. Be it in presence or not of the other members, they most likely know that it happened but choose to do nothing and carry on, in a way. Such as in the example: Michael has a close group of friends that engage in different delinquent activities, like John who is aggressive. But Michael still chooses to relate to him. He, then, is co-offending.

co-offending

Explanation:

Co- offending can be explained or described as the commission of crime by more than one offenders or persons. It is also known to be a crime incident that involves more offenders or sometimes, more than one offences.

It is always considered or referred to as "group Crime". This means that, a crime or offence committed by group of people.

In this case, the involvement of some of Micheal's friends in various delinquent activities indicate that they are co-offenders.

answer; formal diagnosis (vera wand formal dress);

representative sample

sociologists study the world, observe a predicament or interesting design, and set out to investigate it. they use investigation methods to design a study possibly a comprehensive, detailed and precise, by using experimental method for directing research and gathering data.

to study the characteristics of the whole population, sociologist prefers to obtain the sample which is the finite part of a demographic population whose characteristics are analyzed to obtain data from statistics.

when administering with population, it can be described as a set of respondents picked from a larger population for the goal of a survey. a population could be a group of objects, people, or articles from which samples are obtained for computation of the whole population which is the aim of the sociological study.